Help students understand that reading is thinking and that when they talk, they share their thinking.
Teach students to turn and talk effectively with each other.
Give students wait time and guide them to give others wait time as well.
Demonstrate the use of language that fosters participation, respect for others’ thinking, and promotes building on the ideas of others.
Set the norm that everyone listens attentively and respectfully to each other.
From The Literacy Quick Guide: A Reference Tool for Responsive Literacy Teaching by Irene C. Fountas and Gay Su Pinnell. Copyright (C) 2018 by Irene C. Fountas and Gay Su Pinnell. Published by Heinemann.